从数字卦和卦象看《周易》的成书

On the Completion of the Zhouyi by Six-digit Hexagrams and the Images

《周易》的"象"有悠久的历史,其源头可追溯到上古文献《三坟》。卜筮在商朝时已成熟,早在商朝时就有官方易学和民间易学之分,所谓组成数字卦的数字应该是符号而不是筮数,在《周易》之前有《商易》,《商易》是商代巫咸结合远古文化与筮数而成。在商周时期有官方《易》和民间《易》,《周易》是对商代官方易学《商易》亦即《坤乾》的损益。从各种文献看,今传本《周易》的成书是比较晚的,《周易》形成后有很多不同的传本,亦有义理《周易》和卜筮《周易》之分。

The images in the Zhouyi with a long history can be traced back to the record in San Fen （ lit. , Three Tombs） in the remote antiquity. The culture of divination had come to be mature in the Shang Dynasty, when Yi-ology had evolved into two branches： the authority and the folk. What makes the six-digit hexagrams should not be the divinatory numbers but the symbols. Before the Zhouyi, there was Yi in the Shang Dynasty which was the integration of the ancient Chinese culture and divinatory symbols by the diviners. The Zhouyi originates from the official Yi in the Shang Dynasty. By various documents, it can seen that the completion of the Zhouyi was comparatively late and after its completion there were still many different versions of the Zhouyi, and furthermore, there was a distinction of meaning-pattern Zhouyi and divinatory Zhouyi at that time.