新世纪中学历史教科书的结构——以国标本、上海本、港台本为中心的分析

An Analysis of High School History Textbook Structure of the New Century

教材结构是一个复杂的系统,教材结构研究是教材设计最优化的奠基工作。中学历史教科书的结构通常划分为外部结构、内部结构两方面,亦有学者将其划分为课文系统和课文辅助系统两部分,但均局限于平面式思维而未体现出教材结构的层次性。新世纪出版的国标本、上海本、港台本中学历史教科书,与过去相比,在内容结构和程序结构上均有很大进步,如新增了经济、文化、科技、社会史的内容,古代史中还穿插进乡土史的内容等,使历史更加贴近社会生活,拉近了历史与现实、与学生的距离,但还需进一步完善;在形态结构上变化甚大,且呈现出多样化的发展趋势,表现为课文类型增多、基本课文构成部分增加、课前提要和图片设计有所创新等,活动与探究性课文成为课程形态变化的最大亮点。新世纪中学历史教科书的这些变化,对于激发学生学习历史的兴趣,培养学生参与意识、探究和自学能力,都会有所帮助。

Compared with the previous history textbooks of secondary education, the state standard edition, shanghai edition, Hongkang edition and Taiwan edition of the new century make great improvement in content structure and procedural structure, such as newly-added con- tent in economic, cultural, scientific and technological and social histories as well as addition of local histories added to ancient histories and great change in formal structure of multi-form development of text types, increase in basic texts and innovation in instruction and illustration, featuring activity and research, which conduce to inspiration of students＇ interest in learning history and development of their participation, research and self-study.