蒋介石“领袖集权”制下的外交用人方式转换透视

A Study of Chiang Kai-shek's Transformation of Personnel Placement in Diplomacy under His "Centralized Power of Leadership"

蒋介石在建立政权后,由于其在国民党内的领袖地位并未牢固确立,高层机构也尚在草创中,为操控政权,契领外交进行,蒋介石在行权时,经常并不借助制度性渠道,表现在外交用人上,也经历了一个走"亲信路线"到设立"智库",最后向幕僚制过渡的过程。这一过程既是蒋介石"独裁"意图的体现,也反映了蒋为增进统治效能而在刷新行政、改进用人方式上所做的探索和努力。尤其是幕僚制的逐步形成,不仅标志了以蒋个人为"中心领袖"地位的最终确立,也为战时领袖集权下的外交决策和用人提供了某些制度上的保障。

After Chiang Kai-shek established his political regime, Chiang often exercised his power not pursuant to the official channels in order to manipulate his political power and to direct the diplomacy since his leadership position in the KMT was not yet secured and the central leadership was in the process of formation. In the diplomatic personnel placement, he underwent a transitional process from using cronies to the establishment of think tanks, and finally to the use of aides and staff. This process not only reveals Chiang＇s intention of moving towards dictatorship, but also manifests his exploration and efforts in improving governance efficiency, reforming administration, and enhancing the management of human resources. The final formation of aides and staff not only marked the establishment of Chiang＇s centralized leadership role, but also provided the institutional support on the diplomatic decision-making and personnel management under the wartime centralized power of leadership.