现代思维、后现代思维对心理咨询的影响及其超越

The Impact of Modern and Postmodern Thinking on Psychological Counseling and Beyond

现代思维和后现代思维对心理咨询理论、实践、研究和培训都有影响。在理论上,它们影响心理咨询的哲学基础、科学基础和咨询流派,主要表现为注重客观实证与主观建构的对立;在实践中,它们影响咨询师的职业自我概念、咨访关系、咨询行为和伦理,主要表现为主张冷静旁观与主动参与的矛盾;在研究方面,它们持不同范式,主要表现为采用量化研究与质化研究的冲突;在咨询师培训方面,它们有不同的模式,主要表现为关注程式化技巧培训与个性化经验培养的差异。两者之间的分歧十分明显,但不乏相通之处,对它们的超越需要辩证唯物主义指导下的整合。

Modern thinking and postmodern thinking have had their impact on psychological counseling theory, practice, research and training. In theory, they impact the philosophical and scientific foundation and counseling approaches of psychological counseling, mainly demonstrated in the conflict between objective positivism and subjective constructivism. In practice, they influence counselors＇ professional self-concept, counselor-client relationship, counseling behaviors and ethics, mainly showed in the contradiction between detached objective observation and active participation. In terms of research, they form different paradigms, mainly presented in the conflict between quantitative and qualitative methodologies. For counselor training, they provide different models, mainly exhibited in the opposition between focusing on procedural techniques and emphasizing individualized experience. Despite these discrepancies, they have some aspects in common. To go beyond modern and postmodern thinking requires integration under the guidance of dialectical materialism.