国际私法中的比较法学派:从实然走向应然

The Comparative School in Private International Law:from "Reality" to "Ought To Be"

比较法学派是国际私法中继普遍主义与特殊主义学派之后的第三大学派。比较法学派的科学立场和研究方法使它既避免了普遍主义学派的那种脱离现实中的各个国家的法律制度而在抽象的真空中进行理论推测的不足,也避免了特殊主义学派的那种仅仅站在本国立场上,对先前国内司法判例和个别法官观点进行纯粹实证主义分析的缺陷。因此,比较法学派客观地认识到了国际私法的实然性与应然性之间的矛盾,并以化解这一矛盾为契机,促使国际私法从实然走向应然,使之成为沟通普遍主义与特殊主义的一座桥梁。

The Comparative school is the third major school in private versalistic school and the particularistic school. After a careful study into international law, following the unithe scientific grounds and research methods of the comparative school, this paper comes to the conclusion that it can avoid not only the shortcoming of universalistic school in speculating purely theoretically by neglecting the reality of the legal system of each country, but also that of the particularistic school in analyzing solely the previous cases and the opinions of individual judges. Thence the comparative school objectively acknowledges the contradiction between reality and the ＂ought to be＂ state, pushing the study of privateinternational law from reality to the ＂Ought to be＂ orientation, thus building a bridge of communication between universalism and nationalism.