秦地文化中“抑商”“重商”因素及其积极作用

The Factors of "Restraining Commerce-Mercantile Commerce" in the Culture of Guanzhong

我国经济史学者大多认为,汉代以后的中国古代,均以"抑商"政策为本,没有大搞商品经济的王朝,其实,唐代曾在小农经济基础上大搞商品经济。盛唐的国强民富是通过各种办法发展商品经济而获得的。在汉、唐繁荣背后,经济发展轨迹不同,但均与秦地文化中的抑商、重商因素有关。汉代及其之前,在社会生产力的发展需要抑制商品经济时,秦地文化中的"抑商因素"充分地发挥了作用;在唐代,当社会生产力的进步需要发展商品经济时,秦地文化的"重商因素"又充分地发挥作用,促进了盛唐经济的繁荣。因此,把秦地文化简单地理解为抑商文化或重商文化都是片面的。秦地文化中潜在并存着"抑商"和"重商"的文化因素,它们会因时、因势而被激活并发挥其巨大文化力。

Some Chinese scholars believed that all the dynasties after Han Dynasty took the restraining commerce policy-oriented without commodity economy. In fact, Tang Dynasty carried out commodity economy on the basis of the small - scale peasant economy. Prosperous Tang Dynasty obtained the wealthy nation and the powerful people by abandoning the restraining commerce factors in China and Guanzhong Culture and developing commodity economy in various ways. Han and Tang Dynasties have their different economical development path. Before Han Dynasty, progress of the social productive forces needed the small farmer market economy, and restraining commerce factors in Guanzhong greatly displayed and revealed the brilliance. In Tang Dynasty, progress of the social productive forces needed the small farmer market economy, and mercantile commerce factors displayed completely, and the prosperous Tang came into being. Therefore, this is one- sided that we only understood Guanzhong Culture as ＂restraining commerce or mercantile commerce＂. Guanzhong culture is of a dual complementary culture with Restraining Commerce- mercantile commerce.