河南部分优异玉米地方品种主要农艺性状变异研究

Studies on Variation of Main Agronomical Characters in Partial Excellent Maize Landraces of Henan Province

基于SSR聚类分析,对从不同玉米类群中筛选到的46份有突出优良性状的河南地方品种进行精细的表型重复鉴定,分析了抽雄天数、吐丝天数、株高、穗位、主茎叶片数、雄穗一级分枝数、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、千粒重、穗粒重、粒长、粒宽及粒厚14个数量性状的变异情况,株型、穗型、粒型、花药颜色、花丝颜色、粒色及轴色7个质量性状的变异情况。结果表明,河南玉米地方品种数量性状频率基本符合正态分布,同时穗位、雄穗一级分枝数、千粒重和穗粒重的变幅较大,并发现一些具有独特优异性状的地方品种,对于今后的育种材料改良具有重要意义。

46 Henan excellent maize landraces were selected from different genetic populations based on SSR cluster analysis in the paper. The variations of 14 quantitative characters （days to tasseling, days to silking , plant height, ear height, number of leaves, tassel branch number ,ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, 1000-kernel weight, kernel weight of ear, kernel length, kernel width, kernel thickness） and 7 qualitative characters （plant type, ear type, grain type, anther color, silk color, grain color, cob color） were analyzed. The results showed that the frequency of quantitative characters accorded with the normal distribution. The characters of ear height, tassel branch number, 1000-kernel weight and kernel weight of ear varied widely. Some maize landraces with unique and excellent characters were discovered, which are important to the improvement of breeding materials.