1990-2000年中国的经济转型、学校扩招和教育不平等

Economic Transition,School Expansion,and Educational Inequality in China,1990-2000

本文考察了20世纪90年代中国经济改革过程中教育分层的趋势。基于1990年和2000年人口普查的样本数据,本研究将学龄子女和其父母的背景信息作匹配,对家庭背景如何影响他们入学和继续受教育的机会进行研究,结果表明,尽管在1990年至2000年的十年中教育机会有了极大的扩展,但家庭背景仍然在决定入学和升学方面发挥着重要作用。在这一时期,农村户口子女的状况相比于城镇户口同龄人来说变得愈加不利,父亲的社会经济地位对于入学状况的影响作用增大了。尽管作为九年义务教育全国普及的结果,农村(户口)孩子获得的初中教育的机会相对增加了,高中教育升学机会的城乡差距却在扩大;即使在控制了地区经济发展水平的差异后,父亲的社会经济地位对于高中升学率的影响仍然呈增加趋势。

This paper examines the trend in the educational stratification during China's economic reforms in the 1990s.Based on the sample data of population censuses in 1990 and 2000,the school-age children were matched to their parents' background information within the same households and the effects of family background on children's school enrollment and continued education were investigated.The results showed that,despite the substantial expansion of educational opportunities in the decade,family backgrounds continued to play an important role in determining school enrollment status and continued education.Over the decade,children of rural hukou status became even more disadvantaged compared with their urban counterparts and the effect of father's socioeconomic status on school enrollment was further increased.Despite the fact that children of rural hukou status had gained relatively more opportunities at junior high school level as a result of the nationwide push for 9-year compulsory education,the rural-urban gap in the likelihood of transition to senior high school level had been enlarged and the effect of father's socioeconomic status had increased,even after controlling for the regional variations in economic development.