极端气候事件对重庆市传染病流行影响

Impact of extreme climate event on incidence of communicable disease in Chongqing

目的探讨极端气候事件对重庆市传染病流行的影响及相关因素。方法对重庆市灾害前后的传染病疫情及突发公共卫生事件进行分析。结果2006年旱灾年重庆市甲、乙类传染病的年发病率比2005年上升了3.86%,2007年洪灾年比2005年上升了2.74%。2006年比2005年的肠道和自然疫源及虫媒传染病分别上升了14.91%和49.23%,而2007年比2005年和2006年的呼吸道传染病分别上升了1.28%和8.07%。旱灾受灾季节乙脑发病率比2005年同期上升最高,洪灾受灾季节比2006年同期上升较多的是麻疹、伤寒/副伤寒、钩端螺旋体病、流脑等疾病。灾害期间甲、乙类传染病突发事件数比2005年上升。结论极端气候事件对重庆市传染病的流行和暴发产生了一定的影响,部分传染病的发病有不同程度的上升。

Objective To explore the impact of extreme climate event on the incidence of communicable disease in Chongqing. Methods The data about incidence of communicable disease/ public health emergency before and after natural disaster were analyzed. Results The incidence of class A and B communicable diseases in 2006 when drought occurred increased by 3.86% compared with that in 2005, and the incidence in 2007 when flood occurred increased by 2.74% compared with that in 2005. The incidence of enteric infection and natural focal/arthropod -borne infectious diseases in 2006 increased by 14.91% and 49.23% respectively compared with those in 2005. The incidence of respiratory infectious disease in 2007 increased by 1.28% compared with that in 2005 and by 8.07% compared with that in 2006. The incidence of encephalitis B in drought season in 2006 was higher than that in same period in 2005. The incidences of measles, typhoid/paratyphoid fever, leptospirosis and epidemic meningitis in flood season in 2007 were higher than those in same period in 2006. More public health emergencies of class A and B communicable diseases occurred during disaster periods compared with 2005. Condusions Extreme climate events in Chongqing had some impact on the incidence of communicable disease, which increased the incidence of some communicable diseases at different degree.