中学生麻风病团体检查及健康教育效果评价

Evaluation on group examination and health education for leprosy in middle school

目的通过对中学生进行麻风病团体检查和健康教育,提高学生对麻风病基本知识的知晓率,及时在学生中发现疑似(线索)病例。方法采用整群抽样调查,对中学生进行麻风病知识讲座、发放宣传资料和张贴宣传画等教育形式,并对所有教育对象进行麻风病早期症状检查,同时,下发自制的调查问卷获取干预前、后中学生麻风病的相关知识及态度。结果中学生在健康教育前曾听说过或见到过麻风病的只占总数的25.96%,绝大多数中学生(92.03%)认为需要在中学开展麻风病团体检查和健康教育;健康教育能有效地提高中学生对麻风病的认识并能转变部分态度,歧视麻风病治愈者的比例从健康教育前的19.34%降到健康教育后的9.49%,愿意跟往常一样和他们交往的人数也较健康教育前增加了68.09%;中学生在怀疑自己患上麻风病后,愿意及时到当地麻风病防治单位去就诊的人数从健康教育前的15.94%上升到健康教育后的22.65%(χ2=91.60,P<0.01),而存在侥幸心理随它去的比例减少了11.64%(χ2=35.11,P<0.01)。结论利用中学生接受知识能力较强的特点,开展麻风病健康教育,能提高学生对麻风病的认识,引导他们正确对待麻风病,同时,也能起到一定的社会宣传作用,有利于早期发现麻风病。

Objective To increase the awareness of leprosy in middle school students and find suspect patient timely in middle school students. Methods A cluster sampling survey was conducted in middle school students, who received health education about leprosy and examination for early symptom of leprosy, and a questionnaire survey was also conducted to compare the student＇s awareness of leprosy and attitude to leprosy before and after the intervention. Results Only 25.96% of the students had heard of leprosy or met leprosy patient. Most students （92. 03% ） thought it was necessary to conduct group examination and health education for leprosy in middle school, the health education could increase the student＇s awareness of leprosy and change their attitude to leprosy. The proportion of the students discriminating the cured people who had suffered from leprosy declined from 19.34% before intervention to 9.49% after intervention, and the students willing to contact with them as usual increased by 68.09% compared with pre-intervention time. The proportion of the students willing to go to see doctor in local anti-leprosy agency when they were suspected to be infected with leprosy increased from 15.94% before intervention to 22.65% after intervention 0（2 =91.60,P 〈0.01 ）, and the proportion of the students who had trusted in luck decreased by 11.64% （Χ^2 = 35.11, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion Middle school students are eager to learn new knowledge, so the health education about leprosy could increase their awareness of leprosy and teach them to have a correct attitude to leprosy, and also has the effect of social publicizing, which is favorable for the early finding of leprosy case.