杭州市蛙、蛇体内曼氏裂头蚴感染情况调查

Survey of Sparganum mansoni infection in frogs and snakes in Hangzhou

目的了解杭州市蛙、蛇类体内曼氏裂头蚴自然感染情况。方法在该市7个农村县(区)捕捉野生蛙、蛇,城区的5个县(区)从辖区农贸市场购买人工养殖牛蛙,进行逐只(条)解剖检查和鉴定曼氏裂头蚴。结果671只野生青蛙裂头蚴感染率为31.15%,感染强度为1～60条;3条野生蛇感染率达100%,感染强度为2～99条;而人工养殖的牛蛙裂头蚴均为阴性。裂头蚴可在蛙体内任何部位的肌肉寄生,其中以腿部肌肉寄生最为常见,占78.99%(391/495),而在蛇类则以寄生于皮下为主,占61.21%(71/116),不同大小青蛙曼氏裂头蚴感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.561,P<0.05)。结论杭州市野生蛙、蛇体内裂头蚴感染率较高,分布广泛,存在曼氏裂头蚴病自然疫源地。因此,改变人们不良的生活方式和饮食习俗,开展曼氏裂头蚴病的预防工作十分必要。

Objective To develop preventive strategies for Sparganosis mansoni in Hangzhou based on the analysis of the natural infection of Sparganum mansoni in frogs and snakes. Methods Wild frogs （ 671 ） and snakes （ 3 ） were captured from all 7 rural areas in Hangzhou and artificial breeding bullfrogs （80） were bought from 5 urban markets. The specimens were dissected to detect Sparganum mansoni. Results Of 671 wild frogs, a total of 209 （31.15%） were infected with Sparganum rnansoni （ 1 to 60 worms per frog. ）, and 3 wild snakes were all infected with Sparganum mansoni （2 to 99 worms per snake）. For 80 artificial breeding bullfrogs, the detection results were negative. Sparganum could be detected in the muscles of any site in frogs, and the infection rate in leg muscles was 78.99% （391/495）, but in snakes, sparganum mainly parasitized in subcutis with the positive rate of 61.21% （71/116）. The differences on infection rates of frogs with different size was significance （Χ^2 = 6. 561, P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The infection rate of Sparganum mansoni in wild frogs and snakes was relatively high. These frogs and snakes widely distribute in Hangzhou, and the natural focis of sparganosis mansoni do exist. It is necessary to conduct the prevention of sparganosis by improving life style and changing diet habit of the people.