毛泽东1961年农村调查

On Mao Zedong's Rural Survey in 1961

1961年,毛泽东深入农村调查,通过压缩社队规模,停办食堂、取消分配供给与工资制;改变基本核算单位等办法,有成效地解决了人民公社内部队与队之间的平均主义问题。这在相当的程度上调动了农民群众的生产积极性,对于当时已遭到严重破坏的农业生产力的恢复起了很大的作用。失误的是这次调查研究没有解决生产队内部的人与人之间的平均主义问题。农村社员群众在实践中创造出来的适合生产力发展要求的新的经营方式"包产到户"、"责任田"不仅没有被毛泽东在制定、修改"六十条"时吸纳,反而被作为走资本主义道路加以严厉批判。

In 1961, Mao Zedong had a profound investigation in rural areas and at last successfully and effectively solved the equalitarian issues among production teams inside the people＇s commune the scale of production teams, closing canteens, canceling distributions and supply and wage system, and changing basic accounting units. All these measures, to a great extent, have stimulated farmers＂ enthusiasm and had a great effect on revitalizing agricultural productivity which had been greatly destroyed at that time. However it is a pity that this survey failed to solve the equalitarian issues among people in the production teams. The new operating way called ＂contract production quotas to individual households＂ and ＂responsible fields＂ which were created from farmer corporation members ＂practice fitting for the development of productivity, were not well used when Mao constituted and revised the ＂60 rules＂, and what＇s worse, it received severe criticism as taking a capitalist way. The reasons of making such a misdoing firstly is that the rural survey in 1961 is just to solve problems in practical work instead of correcting the leading ＂left thoughts ＂; and secondly that 1961 ＇s survey didnt go deep into the public.