弹性需求条件下具有库存损耗的经济订货批量模型

EOQ model for deteriorating items under elastic demand

为了寻求零售商面临数量折扣时的最优订货策略,在库存损耗,以及库存与时间相关的基础上,研究了弹性需求条件下考虑数量折扣的易变质物品经济订货批量问题。折扣前零售商按照常规订货,需求率与时间呈线性关系;折扣后订货量超过常规订货量。为了保证在一个周期内产品完全售出,提出了需求率是时间和库存的函数关系。根据这两种情况,分别建立了经济订货批量模型,运用最优性原理证明了最优解的存在,同时进行了仿真寻优计算,并分析了相关参数的灵敏度。最后,通过对两种模型的比较,得出了零售商可以选择合适的订货策略的结论。

When the quantity discount was widely used as a coordination mechanism, the problem was studied of how a retailer developed an optimal ordering strategy. On the basis of deteriorating items with respect to time and inventory, an economic order quantity problem was developed for the quantity discount under the elastic demand, which was for easy-deteriorated items. A retailer orders items as usual when without the quantity discount, and the demand rate varied linearly with time; on the other hand, for the situation of quantity discount, the ordering quantity were beyond the normal, and the demand rate were put forward varying with time and inventory. Two Economic Order Quantity （EOQ） models were built according to the two ordering strategies, whose optimal solutions proved existent by using an optimization principle. Then a numerical example and a sensitivity analysis were presented to illustrate the effectives of the two models. Finally, by comparing the two EOQ models, the result showed that an optimal ordering strategy was obtained, which was provided for the retailer ordering decision.