法兰克福学派社会批判理论的范式转变——从传统社会批判理论到交往行为理论

Paradigm Shift in Critical Theory of Society of Frankfurt School

随着时代的变化、研究主题的转换,作为西方马克思主义典型代表的法兰克福学派的社会批判理论的理论形态也经历了异化理论、物化理论到技术理性批判理论等诸形态的演进。但从法兰克福学派第二代主要代表人物哈贝马斯开始,这种一以贯之的"意识哲学"基础的理论演进却发生了转向。哈贝马斯在克服传统社会批判理论不足与"重建历史唯物主义"时创建了交往行为理论。交往行为理论的创立是法兰克福学派社会批判理论的一次范式转变,对西方马克思主义的发展具有重要的理论价值和启示。

With the change of time and study subject, the critical theory of society of Frankfurt School, a typical representative of Western Marxism has also experienced development from alienation theory, materialized theory to technical rationality critical theory. However, the evolution of ＂consciousness philosophy＂ of the basic theory has taken turn from Habermas who is the main representative of the second generation of Frankfurt School. Habermas created the interaction theory as he overcame the shortage of traditional society and the＂ reconstruction of historical materialism＂. The creation of the interaction theory is a paradigm shift which belongs to critical theory of society in Frankfurt School, and it has important theoretical value and inspiration for the development of Western Marxism.