鼻腔及鼻咽外侧壁的应用解剖学

Applied Anatomy of the Lateral Wall of Nasal Cavity and Nasopharynx

目的为鼻内窥镜的入路及观察定位和手术操作提供形态学依据。方法选用６７侧正中矢状切的头部标本，观测各鼻甲、鼻道及中鼻道外侧壁结构的形态和大小，并测量前鼻棘至各解剖部位的距离。结果鼻腔外侧壁的形态呈梯形，其上、下径为４．９２±０．４４ｃｍ，在鼻腔底部的前、后径为４．５７±０．２６ｃｍ。中鼻道前端较宽大，１２％（８／６７）的半月裂孔狭窄。鼻咽顶壁的高度位于中鼻甲下缘的平面上。结论半月裂孔的大小随钩突或筛泡的形态而改变，老年人鼻腔及鼻道因粘膜萎缩而变宽大。

Objective\ To provide morphological data for the route, location and techniques of the intranasal endoscopy.\ Methods\ The size and shape of conchae, nasal meatuses and the structures of the lateral wall in middle nasal meatus were observed and measured on 67 sides of the sagittal head specimens and the distances from anterior nasal spine to other anatomic parts were also measured.\ Results\ The nasal cavity was trapezoid in shape,its longitudinal line was 4 92±0 44 cm at the bottom of the nasal cavity.\ The anterior part of middle nasal meatus was wide.\ In 12%(8/67) of the specimens,their hiatus semilunaris were narrow.\ The height of superior wall of nasopharynx was located at the level of the inferior border of middle concha.\ Conclusions\ The hiatus semilunaris varied with the shape and size of uncinate and ethmoidal bullosa.\ The nasal cavity and meatuses were larger in old aged specimens for its atrophic mucosa.