顺德海员精神健康状况及其影响因素的研究

Research on the mental health status of seafarers from Shunde and relevant influence factors

目的了解顺德海员精神健康状况，包括性格行为特点、心理压力来源、应对压力的方式和社会支持情况，以及这些因素对其精神健康的影响。方法采用横断面研究设计，自填式问卷，对顺德625名海员进行调查。调查内容包括海员的一般社会人口学特征、心理健康状况、心理压力源、应对方式及社会支持状况。结果625名海员的《12条目简化版中文健康问卷》（以下简称CHQ-12）平均得分为（3．27±1．85）分，其中260名被认为“精神状况差”。Logistic回归分析结果显示，可能影响顺德海员精神健康的因素是多方面的，包括文化程度、工种、婚姻状况、A型性格、工龄、最近一年在水上工作时间、社会支持、职业紧张来源、应对方式等因素。结论顺德海员精神状况较差。必须尽快针对不同工种、工龄、文化程度海员的心理压力特点，采取措施减少他们的心理压力来源，引导他们使用合理的压力应对方式，在生活和工作上尽可能多地给予支持和帮助，以改善他们的精神健康水平。

Objective To understand the mental health status, personality, source of psychological stress, coping styles and social support and also to study effects of relevant factors on the mental health of seafarers from Shunde. Methods The cross-sectional design and self-questionnaire were used to make a general survey of 625 seafarers from Shunde. Research efforts consisted of general demographic characteristics, mental heahh status, psychological stress, coping styles and social support. Results Average score of CHQ-12 was （3.27 ± 1.85 ） in 625 seafarers, of whom 260 were regarded as in ＂poor mental health status＂. Results obtained from logistic regression indicated that factors affecting mental health of seafarers were varied, including education, type of work, marriage status, type A character, length of service, working hours onboard the ship in the recent year, social support, resource of occupational stress, coping styles etc. Conclusions Sailors from Shunde were in poor mental health status. Efforts should be made to reduce psychological stress in accordance with different types of work, length of service and educational levels. And efforts should also be made to help them use appropriate coping styles, give them more support and help in their daily life and work, so as to enhance their mental health.