透明金鱼的命名和分类地位探讨

Discussion on nomenclature and classification of the transparent goldfish

通过查阅大量金鱼(Carassius auratus)的研究资料和图谱,以及对透明金鱼(水晶彩鲫)和不透明金鱼(红鲫鱼)的体色遗传学研究,探讨了透明金鱼的演化、命名,透明金鱼和不透明金鱼的表现型和遗传学特点。结果发现不透明金鱼的种类,在透明金鱼中多数都会存在,而多数研究者在命名中却没有将透明和不透明金鱼区分开来,造成同名鱼既可能是鸟粪素完全型,也可能是鸟粪素缺失型。但通过对透明金鱼(水晶彩鲫)和不透明金鱼(红鲫鱼)的大量遗传学研究证明,鸟粪素完全型和缺失型金鱼在表现型和遗传特性上已发生本质的变化。因此,建议依照当前《中国金鱼名录》的分类方法,首先应从体表鸟粪素的表现型将金鱼分成2大类,鸟粪素完全(不透明金鱼)为普通金鱼,鸟粪素缺失(透明金鱼)为水晶金鱼。

Evolution, nomenclature, phenotypic and genetic characteristics of transparent and opaque goldfish （Carassius auratus） are discussed in this study through access to a large number of research data and pictures. As a result, most of opaque goldfish are discovered to exist in its counterpart, which are not actually distingished from each other by many researchers, resulting in cognominal species are likely to have either completed guanophore or deletional guanophore. However, a large number of genectic studies on transparent （Crystal crueian carp ） and opaque goldfish （red erucian carp ） have proved that goldfish with completed guanophore and deletional guanophore have had changes in nature. Therefore, in accordance with the current classification method of List of Chinese Goldfish, first of all, goldfish should be divided into two major categories phenotypically, completed guanophore （opaque goldfish ） as an Ordinary goldfish, deletional guanophore （transparent goldfish） for Crystal goldfish.