环境对头足类耳石微结构的影响研究进展

Review of the influence of environment factors on microstructure of statoliths of cephalopod

头足类和鱼类一样,它的耳石微结构的形成受到环境条件的影响,包含着许多丰富的生态信息。借助扫描电镜和核微探针技术可研究环境因子对耳石总长、轮纹和耳石中微量元素等微结构的影响。通过文献阅读,总结了温度、盐度、食物等环境因子对耳石微结构影响的研究现状及其进展,认为目前温度对耳石中微量元素含量和分布影响的研究较多。多数学者采用耳石Sr/Ca组成作为温度影响的指标,但尚未见用实验室饲养法的证实报道,因此,这种方法可能不适用于所有头足类。此外,盐度和食物等环境因子对耳石微结构影响的研究相对较少。其中,盐度对耳石微结构的影响尚无相对一致的观点,但耳石总长与饵料丰富水平正相关,其微量元素组成和含量与饵料中成分基本相对应,取得了一致性的结论。随着头足类资源的不断开发和利用,建议结合海洋生物化学等学科,系统地开展环境对头足类耳石微结构形成及其机理的比较研究,以便为头足类生活史的重建,以及资源量科学评估与管理提供科学依据。

The statolith＇ s microstructure of the cephalopod affected by environment, like fish, contained much ecological information. The statolith microstructure may be observed by using the scanning electron microscope and the trace element can be detected by nuclear technology, and then the relationship between environmental factors and statolith length, its increments and trace elements concentration may be discussed. This paper has made a review of the influence of temperature, salinity, food and other environmental factors on the statolith microstructures. The results show that more studies have been carried out in the fields on the relationship between temperature and concentration and distribution of trace elements in the statolith. Generally, Sr/Ca may be considered as the indicator representing the effect of temperature, however which is not confirmed by laboratory rearing method, therefore this result may not be applied to all the species of cephalopod. Little study has been carried out on the relationship between salinity, food and statolith ＂s microstructure, and no same results are obtained for the effect of salinity on the statolith. The results indicated that the level of food rich is positively related with total statolith＇s length, and the trace elements in the statolith corresponded to the basic ingredient of food. With the exploitation of cephalopod resources, the systematic researches on the effect of environmental factors on statolith microstructure in the cephalopod and its mechanism are needed by combining with the marine subjects, such as marine biochemistry, in order to provide scientific basis for rebuilding the life history of cephalopod, making a stock assessment and managing cephalopod resources.