轩尼诗“亲华人”政策与19世纪香港华人地位变迁

Hennessy's "Pro-chinese Policy" and the Vicissitude of the Social Status of Chinese Community During the 19th Century in Hong Kong

香港"直辖殖民地"政制模式的主要特征就是港督的高度集权。这为港督的人格、个性及其具体政策对香港社会产生影响提供了广泛的活动空间。1877—1882年,香港第八任港督轩尼诗推行一系列旨在尊重华人并改善其生存状况的"亲华人"政策,在港掀起轩然大波。在华人经济实力增强的背景下,轩尼诗的"亲华人"政策提高了华人社会地位,并在客观上成为港英政府转变殖民统治方式的开端和19世纪香港华人地位上升的重要转折点。

The English government established the political system in Hong Kong as the pattern of Crown Colony which was mainly characterized by the great power of the governor, which provide widespread space for the influence of the governor＇s personality, character and policies on the Hong Kong society. The eighth governor of Hong Kong （1877-1882）, John Pope Hennessy distinguished himself by introducing a series of ＂Pro-Chinese ＂policies during his administration which was＂ treated Chinese as partners＂ and lifted a great disturbance in Hong Kong. In the setting of the economical status of Chinese community＇s rising, Hennessy＇s reform improved the social status of Chinese community and became the outset of the change of colonial rule pattern of Hong Kong government and an important turn of the social status of Chinese community during the 19th century.