陇东地区苹果生产水分适宜性评估

Assessment of apple water suitability in eastern Gansu province

【目的】探讨陇东地区水分对苹果生长的水分适宜性特征。【方法】运用甘肃省西峰农业气象试验站（1984-2006年）和平凉农业气象观测站（2004-2006年）的苹果物候观测资料及两地气象站1971～2006年的气象资料，利用联合国粮农组织Penman-Monteith公式及作物系数，对苹果各生育阶段的需水量进行估算，建立估算水分利用程度的水分适宜度模型，并分析西峰地区苹果产量与水分适宜度的相关性。【结果】陇东地区苹果的水分条件比较优越，年平均水分适宜度均在0．50以上，川区（崆峒）的水分条件优于塬区（西峰），苹果初始生长期及成熟后期的水分适宜性逐年代下降，但旺盛生长期变化不大；水分适宜度与苹果产量相关性最显著的时期为初始生长期，其次为旺盛生长期，果实成熟后水分适宜度对来年苹果产量影响较小。【结论】建立了水分适宜度模型，利用该模型可对陇东地区苹果的水分适宜性进行评价，从而为当地的苹果种植区划及科学灌溉提供指导。

[Objective] To study the apple water suitability in Eastern of Gansu province is this paper＇s main subject. [Method] Based on data of apple＇s phonological observation at Xifeng agrometeorological experiment station（1984-- 2006） and Pingliang agrometeorological observation station（2004-- 2006） and meteorological data at this two places from 1971 to 2006 ,the water requirement of apple in all growth periods was calculated with the FAO Penman-Monteith formula and crop coefficient and the model of water suitability degree for apple were set up, then the correlation between the water suitability degree and apple yield of Xifeng were analyzed. [Result] The results showed that the water supply to apple was under good conditions in the Eastern Gansu province where annual mean water suitability degree is above 0.50 and the apple water suitability in valley （Kongtong） is higher than that in plateau （Xifeng）. It indicated that the water suitability in initial growth period and post-mature growth period was becoming worse and did not change much in vigorous growth period. The correlation between the water suitability degree and yield of apple was most notable in initial growth period,next in vigorous growth period,and the water suitability degree at post-mature period almost had no effect on the apple yield next year. [Conclusion] We can assess the water suitability of apple with the model and provide scientific suggestion for apple planting district and irrigation in the Eastern Gansu province