大田滴灌条件下葡萄生育期土壤水盐的平均分布特征

Soil water and salt distribution features during the grape growth season under field drip irrigation

【目的】研究滴灌条件下土壤水盐的分布特征，为土壤水盐的调控提供参考。【方法】以新疆干旱区葡萄为例，对葡萄生育期土壤水盐含量进行测定，分析其生育：朝土壤水盐分布特性。【结果】葡萄生育期内，在垂直方向上覆膜处理土壤含水量的最大值出现在距滴头30cm处，土壤含水量从30cm处向两边递减；在水平方向距滴头30～60cm处土壤含盐量最大，土壤盐分质量浓度与土壤含盐量具有相似的变化规律。灌水周期为7．5d时，红提葡萄生育期内各处土壤均处于干旱状态。【结论】在综合调控土壤水盐分布特征时，必须考虑滴灌技术参数对土壤水盐分布的影响。

[Objective] Distribution features of the soil water and salt under drip irrigation were studied to offer a reference for the adjustment and control of soil water and salt. [Method] The soil water and salt distribution features were analyzed based on the field experiment in the grape farmland in Xinjiang. [Result] The maximum soil water content under plastic mulching exists in the position about 30 cm from the dripper,and the water content decreases at the two sides of the position. The average soil salt content along horizontal direction is the highest at the position about 30--60 cm from the dripper. The salt concentration distribution feature is similar to the salt content, and the salt concentration is the highest at the soil surface. The soil remains dry for the irrigation period of 7.5 days. [Conclusion] The irrigation technique parameters should be considered when the soil water and salt distribution features are adjusted.