葡萄树主要生长期内磷素吸收及累积规律

Studies on phosphorus absorption and accumulation in main growing period of grape tree

【目的】探讨葡萄树磷素吸收、转运和分配规律,为葡萄树的科学施肥提供参考依据。【方法】以7年生红地球葡萄为试材,对主要生长期内树体生物量和各器官及其皮层、木质部的磷含量和磷累积动态进行研究。【结果】在主要生长期内,葡萄生物量增加12.4 t/hm2,新梢旺长期至浆果膨大期植株生物量累积迅速,净增加量为9.7t/hm2,占生物总累积量的78.6%。早期果树器官建造主要利用树体贮存的磷素,且磷的分配随生长中心的转移而转移。果树新生器官(叶、新梢)中磷含量表现为物候前期较高,中后期较低;根系磷含量表现出前期降低,后期升高的趋势;主干磷含量变化幅度不大。同一物候期各器官皮层与木质部磷含量大小顺序均为根系>枝条>主干。葡萄树体主要生长期内磷素吸收量为33.1 kg/hm2,叶与果实年携走磷量分别为3.1和11.9 kg/hm2。浆果膨大期果树吸收磷素量较大,达15.4 kg/hm2,占总吸收量的47%。【结论】推荐葡萄树(产量18 t/hm2)施纯磷55.1 kg/hm2,其中于果实收获后秋季施磷29.2 kg/hm2,于浆果膨大期之前追施磷25.9 kg/hm2。

[Objective] This study was to find the dynamic variety of phosphorus uptake, transportation and distribution in different parts of grape trees. [Method] Phosphorus fertilizer is an important factor for the yield and quality production in grape trees. Biomass, phosphorus content and accumulation in the cortex and xylem in different parts of grape trees were studied in field-grown ＂Red Globe＂ grape tree. [Result] The results showed that yearly biomass increase was about 12.4 t/hm^2 ,and biomass of plant and the parts above ground vegetated quickly from May 10 to August 20, net increase being 9. 7 t/hm^2, about 78.6% of the gross. Trees mainly constructed organs by using storage phosphorus,and the distribution of phosphorus changed with the growth centre. In the same phenophase, phosphorus content of cortex and xylem tollowed the order：roots〉branch〉trunk. Phosphorus content in new organs （leaves and shoots） during early spring was higher than that at other times. The curve of phosphorus content roots fell early,and then increased later. Phosphorus content in trunk almost had no significant change in one year. Totally 33.1 kg/hm^2 phosphorus was absorbed in a year, about 3. 1 kg/hm^2 absorbed by leaves,and 11.9 kg/hm^2 by fruits. Among 33.1 kg/hm^2 phosphorus, 15.4 kg/hm^2 was absorbed during the fruit growing period, about 47% of total uptake. [Conclusion] The yearly suggested total phosphorus application amount is 55. 1 kg/hm^2 （yield 18 t/hm^2） ,while 29.2 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen is applied as basic fertilizer in forced dormancy period of plant,and 25.9 kg/hm^2 is applied as topdressing in the rapid growing phase of fruit.