行间生草对葡萄园土壤微生物学特征的影响

Soil microbial characteristics of interplanting grass in vineyard

【目的】探讨行间生草对葡萄园土壤微生物学特征的影响。 【方法】在葡萄园行间分别种植白三叶草、紫花苜蓿和高羊茅，以清耕为对照，分别在葡萄萌芽期、开花期和果实成熟期，采集葡萄园行间种草区0～40cm土样，对土壤微生物含量和土壤微生物量进行测定和分析。【结果】与清耕（对照）相比，在葡萄萌芽期、开花期和果实成熟期，各处理之间土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌含量差异大多达显著或极显著水平。各生草处理土壤细菌含量在开花期最高，放线菌含量在萌芽期最高。与清耕相比，白三叶草和紫花苜蓿处理提高了土壤微生物C（SMBC）和土壤微生物N（SMBN）含量；白三叶草和紫花苜蓿处理与高羊茅、清耕（对照）处理土壤SMBC和SMBN含量差异总体上达显著水平（P〈0．05），而高羊茅处理与清耕土壤SMBC无显著差异，SMBN差异达显著水平。【结论】行间生草可以改善土壤的微生物学指标，其中以白三叶草和紫花苜蓿效果较为明显。

[Objective] The study was to approach the effect of vineyard interplanting grass on soil microbial characteristics. [Method] The amount of soil microorganism and soil microbial biomass which were collected 0--40 cm layers soil from White Clover, Alfalfa, Tall fescue, and Cleaning tillage （CK） were measured and analyzed during bud burst, blossomand mafurity period. [Result] Compared with CK, interplanting grass covering,in bud burst, blossom and maturity, perid was made of soil bacteria, soil actinomycetes and soil fungi either increased or decreased with or without notable content. The tiptop of soil bacteria content was at blossom,and the tiptop of soil actinomycetes content was at bud burst. Compared with CK, White Clover and Alfalfa increased the content of soil microbial biomass C （SMBC） and soil microbial biomass N （SMBN）;White Clover and Alfalfa were compared with Tall fescue and CK,different levels of SMBC,SMBN reached notably（P〈0.05） as a whole,but between the Tall rescue and CK,SMBC,there was no difference. SMBN had notable difference. [Conclusion] Interplanting grass covering can improve soil microbiology indicator, of which White Clover and Alfalfa were most apparent.