追施氮肥对中筋小麦小偃22产量和品质的影响

Effect of nitrogen topdressing on yield and quality of in medium-gluten wheat Xiaoyan 22

【目的】探讨追施氮肥对中筋小麦小偃22产量和品质的影响，为关中主栽小麦品种小偃22高产调优栽培措施的制定提供理论依据。【方法】2005-2006年以小麦品种小偃22为材料，于拔节期和孕穗期追施不同量的氮肥，检测其产量、籽粒品质指标和面粉粉质指标的变化。【结果】不同生育期追施氮肥后小偃22平均单产较对照提高13．6％，其中以拔节期施纯氮37．5kg／hm^2＋孕穗期施纯氮75kg／hm^2处理增产效果最为显著，较对照净增1350．5kg／hm^2，增幅达20．8％。追施氮肥处理平均籽粒蛋白质、湿面筋、干面筋含量及出粉率和吸水率显著或极显著提高，依次较对照提高6．6％，9．2％，9．9％，2．3％和2．3％；追氮对沉淀值和稳定时间影响不大，但平均硬度和弱化度较对照分别提高1．8％和22．4％；形成时间、评价值和粉质质量依次较对照降低8．3％，10．5％和16．8％。【结论】追施氮肥可显著提高小偃22的产量，显著改善其籽粒品质，但不利于粉质品质的改善。拔节期37．5kg／hm^2＋孕穗期75kg／hm^2追氮组合对产量和籽粒的蛋白质品质及粉质品质效应最佳。

[Objective] The objective of the paper is to provide a theoretical basis for the implementation of high yield and quality techniques for wheat cultivar of Xiaoyan 22 by topdressing nitrogen fertilizer at different stages in the center of Shaanxi Province. [Method] With Xiaoyan 22 as test material,different amounts of nitrogen topdressing were applied at jointing and booting stages,and the effect on yield, grain quality and flour quality was investigated. [Result] The yield was increased, 13.6 % more than the control by topdressing nitrogen at different stages. Nitrogen topdressing with 37.5 kg/hm^2 at jointing stage and 75 kg/hm^2 at booting stage resulted in strongly significant yield improvement, with a net yield inerease 1 350.5kg/hm^2 over the control. Several grain and flour quality parameters including grain protein, wet gluten,dry gluten,flour yield, and water absorption were highly improved by 6.6%, 9.2%, 9.9%, 2.3% and 2.3% respectively;sedimentation value and stability lime had little change,but the hardness and degree of softening was increased by 1.8 % and 22.4 % respectively;development time, evaluation value farinography were reduced by 8.3% ,10.5% and 16.8% respectively. [Conclusion] Topdressing with nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve the output and grain quality of Xiaoyan 22,while the application did not affect flour quality improvement. Nitrogen topdressing with 37.5 kg/hm^2 at jointing stage and 75 kg/hm^2 at booting stage produced the best effects on yield, grain protein content and flour content.