我国东北地区多年冻土退化情景下的适应对策

The Adaptive Countermeasures against Permafrost Degradation in Northeast China

气候变化和人类活动加剧,致使我国东北地区多年冻土退化严重.调查结果表明,该地区适应冻土退化的能力较弱,总体表现为:当地居民重视气候变化,生态保护政策效果显著,产业结构调整潜力较大,但林业管理体制存在不足.依据调查分析结果,提出了适应冻土退化的对策建议:政府部门应加强对冻土退化适应措施的政策引导,建立合理的生态补偿机制,严格执行各项政策措施,加强森林火灾预防和宣传教育工作.

The climate change and the intensifying human activity cause the permafrost degradation in Northeast China. Six typical counties have been selected to investigate with some questionnaires and field study. The current situations of the local adaptive permafrost degradation are as follows： the local residents pay great attention to the climate changes, the effect of the ecologic protection policy is quite prominent, the adjustment of the industry structure has great potentials, but the management system of forestry has its deficiencies. The capability of adapting to the permafrost degradation in these areas is quite weak. The reasons are： the bad natural conditions and the vulnerable ecology, the low income of local people and their vulnerable adaptive capability, the difficult to employ forestry workers, the graze-oriented lifestyle of pastoralists in grassland areas and the lack of correspondingly alternative plans. In terms of the practical situations of these areas, the countermeasures for solving the problem of adaptive permafrost degradation have been put forward. First, relying on their high prestige, the local authority should reinforce the guide to deal with the permafrost degradation. Secondly, establish the reasonable ecological compensatory policy. Thirdly, strictly implement all kinds of measures and protect the farmers＇ deserved benefits. Fourthly, due to the high rate of forest fire which may be caused by the global warming, the prevention work should be made against fire. Finally, intensify the publicity of education as well as encourage people to build up a high sense of responsibility.