CVM评价农户对农业水价的承受力——以甘肃省张掖市为例

The Farmers' Bearing Capacity of Irrigation Water Price Assessed by CVM——Taking Zhangye Municipality as a Case

水价是水资源管理手段中的基本工具,为了保证水价政策的有效实施,促进农业水资源的可持续利用和农业的发展,在农业水价制定过程中,农户对农业灌溉用水水价的承受力必须被考虑.虽然农户对水价的承受力可以分为支付能力和支付意愿,但支付意愿可以更好地、更全面地评价农户对农业灌溉水价的承受力.简要介绍了条件估值法(CVM),并以张掖市为例,利用条件估值法分析了农户对农业灌溉用水的支付意愿(WTP),从而评价农户对农业灌溉用水水价的承受力.结果表明:张掖市农户对农业用水的承受力为1 027.5元.hm-2,对照2006年的实际水价,说明目前的水价已经达到农户承受力的最高点.由于农户对水价的承受力低,农业水价的制定应优先考虑农户对水价的承受力,不能一味强调供水成本的全部回收.要提高农户对农业用水水价的承受力,最重要的是提高农户的收入.同时,由于工业用水的效益远高于农业用水的效益,政府在当前对农业用水供水单位进行扶助,以及工业用水和城市生活用水对农业用水的交叉补贴非常有必要.

Water price is a basic tool in water management. To make sure the water price play a role in water management, the key point is ＂getting the price right＂. When pricing the irrigation water, the farmers＇ bearing capacity should be taken into consideration. The bearing capacity has two aspects： the ability of pay, and the willingness to pay （WTP）. Using WTP, the farmers＇ bearing capacity effectively and comprehensively can be estimated. In this paper, a briefly introduction to the contingent valuation method （CVM） is given. Take Zhangye Municipality as a case, using contingent valuation method （CVM）, the farmers＇ bearing capacity is analyzed. The result show, the bearing capacity in Zhangye Municipality is 1 027.5 yuan/hm^2 per year. Comparing with the actual water price, one can see that the price of irrigation water in Zhangye Municipality has already beyond the farmers＇ bearing capacity. At last, this paper suggests, when pricing irrigation water, the farmers＇ bearing capacity should be considered firstly, rather than the achievement of full cost recovery at once. To improve bearing capacity, the most important thing is to increase the income of farmers. Because of the low utilization efficiency of irrigation water, the support form government and the cross subsidy become very important.