摘要
为探究菥蓂（Thlaspi arvenus L．）适应干旱环境的结构特点，采用石蜡切片法研究了其营养器官的抗旱适应结构。结果表明：根无髓、次生木质部导管发达，能够提高根系吸收和输导能力；茎髓和髓射线薄壁组织发达，能起到储水作用；叶片孔下室发达，能够降低水分散失的速率，上表皮具有液泡发达的大型薄壁细胞，能起到储存水分的作用，叶片栅栏组织1—3层，叶绿体在栅栏组织细胞周围紧密排列为1层，提高了光合作用效率，以此来适应干旱对光合作用的负面影响。
To explore the characteristics of Thlaspi arvenus L. which adapt to the arid environment, the method of paraff＇m section has been used to observe the structure of vegetative organs that is associated with fighting drought. The results indicate that the absorption and transportation ability of root can be increased by the absence of pulp and developed secondary xylem vessel; the developed pith in stem and pith ray parenehyma tissue may store water; the developed substomatal chamber may decrease the rate of water loss; the developed, big parenehyma cells in upper epidermal layer may store water; chloroplasts arranged tightly in palisade tissue improve the efficieney of photosynthesis to adapt the negative effect of arid environment.
