主权:政治现实、道德理想与法治桥梁

Sovereignty:Political Reality,Moral Ideal,and Law as a Bridge

准确把握主权概念是清晰理解国际法与国际关系的基础。只有消除一些误解和歧义才有可能树立正确的观念。就现实而言,主权是对内的命令、调控以及以此为基础的对外代表与参与,主要功能是政府对其行为与利益的辩护与防卫。其根源是社会分工形成的人群分层,并在此基础上形成的制度惯性以及人们对治理形式的路径依赖。其内核是无涉于道德和法律的。在认清主权的非社会契约性、非神圣绝对性之后,必须承认,主权在世界上仍会长期存在。因而有必要在人本主义的价值基点上塑造其理想,即要求主权发挥引领、代表、服务人民,在相互依赖、面临共同未来的人类处境中密切合作的职能。为此,有必要进一步完善"权力—权利三角形",使主权的运作受国内宪政和国际法治的引导与制约,促进社会的健康和谐发展。

To understand international law to accurately grasp the meaning of sovereignty, temal sovereignty means to order people and and international relations in a clear way, it is necessary which means to avoid misunderstandings. In reality, inregulate resources; external sovereignty means to delegate and participate, its function is defense and safeguard. The root of sovereignty is social labor division and the behavior habit of people. It is not related to law or morality, not based on social contract, not a divine thing either, but will last for a long time. It is desirable, however, to build the ideal of sovereignty according to humanity, requiring it to lead, delegate, serve the people, and cooperate with other states in the circumstances of complex interdependence and facing a common future. To achieve this aim, the ＂triangle of power and rights＂ should be perfected, make sovereignty guided and limited by domestic constitutionalism and international rule of law, so to promote the society develop in a healthy and harmonious way.