音乐活动的行为遗传学机制研究进展综述

The Mechanism of Behavioral Genetics about Musical Activity:A New Perspective of Musical Psychology

文章回顾并总结近年来动物音乐活动、人类音乐认知及性别和能力差异、音乐能力的遗传及外界环境作用、音乐情绪的分子生物机制等研究进展。音乐调节了相关基因的表达,促进细胞生长、分化、凋亡及蛋白合成,同时调节激素分泌水平,促进神经生长发育;相关基因的缺失不利于人类音乐学习能力的获得;某些位点之间的分子驱动传达了音乐能力遗传信息概率,但能力形成也受到基因和环境的共同作用;良好的音乐情绪能够增强免疫功能,调节自然杀伤性细胞水平向正常标准转化。这提示了行为遗传学是研究音乐心理学的新视角。

In recent years a growing number of researches have been conducted to address the behavioral genetics about music activity. These studies include animals＇ musical activity, human musical cognition and the difference between gender and ability, the inheritance of musical ability and environmental impacts, as well as the mechanism of molecular biology about music emotion. Music modulates gene expression and facilitates cells growth, dissociation, apoptosis, albumen compound, meanwhile modulates hormone exudation, facilitates nerve growth; lacking some gene （such as VPR1a,5-HIT） will disadvantage for humans musical ability; the molecule driving between some gene＇s sites conveys the information about inheritance of musical ability,but this ability is also affected by the co-funetion of gene and environment; favorable music emotion could improve immunital function,modulates natural killer cell（NK） to the normal level. All these point out that the behavioral genetics is a new perspective of musical psychology.