不同温度脱水速降体重效果及力量素质、反应时、电解质代谢的影响

Effects of Rapid Weight Loss through Dehydration with Different Temperature on Power,Reaction Time and Electrolyte Metabolism

目的:研究不同温度、时间桑拿浴速降体重的效果及对机体的影响。方法:实验对象:健康成年男性8人。受试者采用桑拿浴进行速降体重,实验按照温度条件60℃、70℃、80℃及各温度桑拿时间10min、15min进行分组,共分为6组,分别为60℃10min组、60℃15min组、70℃10min组、70℃15min组、80℃10min组、80℃15min组。桑拿实验采用间歇式桑拿浴法,每次桑拿10min或15min,间歇5min,5次桑拿为一组。每组实验前、后测量受试者体重、力量指标、反应时、血液及尿液电解质,实验前测试结果作为对照组,实验后测试结果为实验组。结果:1)各组实验后体重均非常显著下降(P<0.01),脱水百分数范围为1%～3%,受试者在70℃15min组与80℃15min组中,脱水百分数较大;2)受试者在60℃,15min组实验后立定跳远成绩显著升高(P<0.05);70℃,10min组实验后坐姿蹬腿显著上升(P<0.05);70℃,15min组、80℃,15min组实验后立定跳远成绩显著升高(P<0.05);80℃,10min组实验后反应时显著下降(P<0.05),坐姿蹬腿显著上升(P<0.05);3)对血清电解质影响较小的是60℃,10min组、70℃15min组、80℃15min组,对尿液电解质浓度影响最小的是60℃10min组。结论:1)在本研究采用的6种间歇式桑拿方法中,从脱水百分数来看,70℃15min、80℃15min快速减体重效果较好;2)60℃～80℃桑拿速降体重对肌肉力量、反射能力有轻微影响;3)60℃10min桑拿速降体重对机体电解质代谢的不利影响最小。综合分析认为,最适合的赛前桑拿浴速降体重方法为70℃15min。

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects of rapid weight loss by different models of sauna on human body. 8 health male subjects were summoned. Interval sauna at 60℃ ,70℃ ,80℃were undertaken for 10/15 minutes at 5 minutes intervals for 5 times. Grouping was defined by different temperature and duration. Results of grouping were as following,60℃ for 10min,60℃ for 15min, 70℃ for 10min, 70℃ for 15min,80℃ for 10min, and 80℃ for 15min. Each group included 5 times of certain temperature sauna at 4 intervals of 5min. The bodyweight, indicators of strength, reaction time, body composition, cardiovascular function, hematological indexes and urine indicators were measured before （control） and after （test） each group. During each group, cardiovascular function, fitness value and body weight were measured immediately after each sauna. The result showed that 1. The bodyweight of each group was greatly significant reduced after each models of sauna（P〈0.01）, the dehydration percentage was in the range of 1%-3% ,the 70℃ for 15min group and 80℃ for 15min group have a greater dehydration percentage. 2. The results of standing long jump significantly increased after the 60℃ for 15min group,the 70℃ for 15rain group and the 80℃ for 15min group（P〈0.05）. The results of sitting leg press were significantly increased after 70℃ for 10rain and 80℃ for 10min sauna （P〈0. 05）, while the response time after 80℃ for 10min sauna prolonged significantly（P〈0.05）. 3. The 60℃ for 10min group, 70℃ for 15min group and 80℃ for 15min group slightly changed the plasma electrolyte metabolism. The 60℃ for 10rain group had the least negative effect on urine electrolyte metabolism. It concludes that 1. In these 6 models of interval sauna, the 70℃ for 15min group and the 80℃ for 15min group have a greater effect of weight loss, considering from the aspect of dehydration percentage. 2. The 60℃ 80℃ sauna slightly affects on the maximal strength and power of the upper and lower limbs and response time. 3. The 60℃ for 15min group has a least negative effect on the electrolyte metabolism. Therefore, the 70℃ for 15min group is the best model of prematch rapid weight loss.