性别发展的生物学取向研究述评

Biological Approaches to Explain Gender Development:Review and Prospect

当前解释性别发展的理论主要有三种取向:生物学取向、社会化取向、认知取向。近年来,生物学取向日益受到关注并得到认可和接受。解释性别发展的生物学取向研究主要分为两种视角,即进化心理学和进化发展心理学、跨物种比较等远端进化解释,以及行为遗传学研究、染色体异常研究、荷尔蒙研究、大脑结构和功能研究等近端解释。本文总结阐述了这些生物学因素对性别发展的具体影响,并指出了进化心理学研究、行为遗传学研究、荷尔蒙研究、大脑结构和功能的脑成像研究在研究内容、研究方法与技术方面存在的问题,并据此展望未来研究的前景。

Biological, socialized and cognitive approaches represent three dominant theories about gender development. In recent years, biological approaches are remarkable and have obtained acceptability. The biological approaches of gender development can be divided into two perspectives, including the distal and proximal explanations. Distal evolutionary explanations generally involve evolutionary psychology, evolutionary developmental psychology and cross-species comparisons, Oppositely, proximal explanations involve behavioral genetics, and studies focusing on sex chromosomes, genes, hormones and brain structures and functions. This article summed up some specific influences of these biological factors on gender development, and pointed out several problems about research contents, methods and techniques in behavioral genetics studies, hormone studies and brain imaging studies. Moreover the prospects for the future studies are showed.