社会认知中归纳推论-演绎推论的不对称性现象

Research on Induction-Deduction Asymmetry in Social Cognition

在社会知觉中,人们会较多的根据个体的行为表现推论其所具有的人格特质(归纳推论),较少根据人格特质来推论个体的行为表现(演绎推论),Maass将这一现象命名为归纳推论-演绎推论的不对称性,并在西方文化下验证了这一现象。刻板印象在这一不对称性现象中起着调节作用,行为信息与刻板印象是否一致影响了归纳推论,对与刻板印象一致的信息更易做出归纳推论,而对演绎推论没有影响。在不同的文化背景下,归纳推论-演绎推论的不对称性表现存在差异,东方文化下的个体对两种推论过程没有表现出明显的倾向性。本文介绍了这一现象的表现,并总结了产生这一社会现象的内在原因及相关的研究进展。

It is argued that people tend to make more inductive inference from behaviors to traits （induction） than deductive inferences from traits to behaviors（deduction）. Maass named this phenomenon as Induction-Deduction Asymmetry （IDA） and testified this phenomenon in the western culture. Researches showed that stereotype moderate this phenomenon. Whether the behavioral information consistent with one＇s stereotype or not influences people＇s induction, not deduction. People make more induction for the information consistent with their stereotype. What is more, the mechanism of IDA differs in different cultures. There is no significant preference for one of the two inference process of induction and deduction among easterners. The article introduced IDA and generalized the underlying reasons of this phenomenon and the advancement of related researches.