不同基质和供水方式对基质理化特性和一品红观赏品质的影响

Effects of different substrates and watering modes on physicochemical properties of substrate and ornamental quality of Euphorbia pulcherrima

采用2因子完全随机区组试验设计,研究了2种基质和3种供水方式对基质理化特性和一品红(Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.)观赏品质的影响。结果显示,泥炭基质〔V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)∶V(蛭石)=7∶2∶1〕的总孔隙度、持水孔隙度、吸水量以及根区体积、上层基质电导率均显著高于中药渣基质〔V(中药渣)∶V(园土)∶V(蛭石)=5.6∶2.4∶2.0〕,容重、通气孔隙度以及上层基质体积和pH值、根区pH值则显著低于中药渣基质;不同基质对一品红苞片的观赏指标有显著影响,栽培于泥炭基质中的一品红的苞片总面积(AB)、冠层面积(AC)和苞片总面积占冠层面积的百分率(RBC)及苞片明度(L*)、色相(a*和b*)和彩度(C*)均极显著高于中药渣基质(P<0.01),花色素含量和叶绿素含量均显著低于中药渣基质。不同供水方式(表面浇水、表面浇水-底部吸水和底部吸水)对基质的容重、总孔隙度和吸水量无显著影响,但对基质的通气孔隙度和持水孔隙度以及基质的体积、电导率和pH值有显著影响(P<0.01);不同供水方式对一品红苞片着色指标均有一定的影响,但只对L*和花色素含量有显著影响;采用表面浇水-底部吸水方式,苞片的AB、AC和RBC均最高。与一品红苞片观赏品质密切相关的根区基质特性有pH值、容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙度和吸水量等,大多数苞片观赏指标与基质总孔隙度、持水孔隙度和吸水量呈显著的正相关关系,而与pH值、容重和通气孔隙度呈显著的负相关关系。研究结果显示,表面浇水-底部吸水方式是简便经济的供水方式;在中药渣基质中栽培的一品红观赏品质低于泥炭基质,中药渣基质作为新型盆栽基质有待进一步研究。

The effects of two substrates and three watering modes on physicochemical properties of substrate and ornamental quality of Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. were studied by complete random block design of two factors. The results show that total porosity, water holding porosity, water absorption, root zone volume and upper substrate conductivity of peat substrate [ V（ peat）： V（perlite） ： V（vermiculite） = 7： 2：1 ] are obviously higher than those of Chinese medicine residue substrate [ V（Chinese medicine residue） ： V（ garden soil） ： V（vermiculite） = 5.6 ： 2.4 ： 2.0 ], while bulk density, aeration porosity, volume and pH value of upper substrate as well as pH value of root zone of peat substrate are extremely lower than those of Chinese medicine residue substrate. Different substrates have a significant influence on ornamental indexes of E. pulcherrima. In peat substrate, total area of bract （AB ）, canopy area （Ac ） and percentage of total area of bract to canopy area （ RBC ） as well as lightness （ L ^＊ ）, hue （ a ^＊ and b ^＊ ） and chroma （ C^＊ ） of bract are extremely higher than that in Chinese medicine residue substrate （P 〈 0.01 ）, while anthocyanidin content and chlorophyll content are all extremely lower than those in Chinese medicine residue substrate. Different watering modes （surface watering, surface watering-bottom uptake and bottom uptake） have no significant influence on bulk density, total porosity and water absorption of substrate, but have significant influence on aeration porosity and water holding porosity as well as volume, pH value and conductivity of substrate （P 〈0.01 ）. All the three watering effect on colouration indexes of bract, but only L^＊ and anthocyanidin content are modes have a certain significantly affected And using the mode of surface watering-bottom uptake, AB, Ac and RBc of bract are the biggest. The pH value, bulk density, total porosity, water holding porosity and water absorption of substrate are closely associated with ornamental quality of bract, and most ornamental quality indexes of bract have significantly positive correlation with total porosity, water holding porosity and water absorption, but have significantly negative correlation with pH value, bulk density and aeration porosity. It is suggested that the mode of surface watering-bottom uptake is a simple and economic watering mode. And the ornamental quality of E. pulcherrima cultivated in Chinese medicine residue substrate is lower than that in peat substrate, so Chinese medicine residue substrate needs to be further researched for using as a new potting substrate.