福建省兰科植物区系分析

Flora analysis of Orchidaceae in Fujian Province

在野外调查、标本整理和文献查阅的基础上,分析了福建省兰科(Orchidaceae)植物的区系组成、生活型、分布区类型及其与邻近地区的关系。结果显示,福建省有兰科植物2亚科67属164种,其中,单种属和寡种属所占比例最大,占总属数的88.06%;中国特有种35种,占总种数的21.34%,表明福建省兰科植物区系是较为年轻的衍生性区系。生活型以地生型为主,地生型有97种,附生型和腐生型分别有59种和9种。福建省兰科植物区系成分复杂,具有11个分布区类型;以热带亚洲分布属为主,占总属数的37.31%;热带成分的属数和种数分别占总属数和总种数的73.12%和73.78%,表明福建省兰科植物区系具有热带性质。福建省兰科植物区系与广东、广西、云南和台湾兰科植物区系的共有种分别为94、92、93和80种,与江西、浙江、湖南、安徽和湖北兰科植物区系的共有种也在39种以上,说明福建省兰科植物区系具有明显的华南区系特点,并与华东和华中区系也有一定的联系。研究结果可为福建省兰科植物种质资源的科学保护和合理开发提供依据。

Based on wild investigating, specimens arranging and document consulting, the floral composition, life-form and distribution type of Orchidaceae in Fujian Province, as well as the flora relationship with neighboring areas, were analyzed. The results indicate that there are 164 species belonging to 67 genera and 2 subfamilies of Orchidaceae in Fujian Province, in which, the percentage of genera with single species and few species is the larges number, and there are 35 species of Chinese endemic t with an accounting for 88.06% of total genus species with an accounting for 21.34% of total species number, showing the Orchidaceae flora is young derivative flora. The life-forms of Orchidaceae in Fujian are mainly edaphic type, 97 species belong to edaphic type, 59 species and 9 species belong to epiphytic and saprophytic types, respectively. The floral compositions of Orchidaceae in Fujian are complex and varied, and include eleven distribution types. The genus number belonging to Tropical Asia is the most with an accounting for 37.31% of total genus number, and the percentage of genera and species belonging to tropical composition are 73.12% and 73.78%, respectively, it means that the flora of Orchidaceae in Fujian has a tropical character. Respectively, the common species of Orchidaceae in Fujian with Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and Taiwan are 94, 92, 93 and 80 species, and the common species with Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hu＇ nan, Anhui and Hubei are also above 39 species, it is suggested that the flora of Orchidaceae in Fujian has an obvious character of the flora of South China and has a certain relationship with the floras of East China and Central China. The above-mentioned research results may be the basis for protection and utilization of Orchidaceae resources in Fujian Province.