水分、密度和其他栽培因子对玉米产量的影响及其耦合效应研究

Research on Effect of Water, Planting Density and Other Cultural Factors on Maize Production and Their Coupling Effect

采用均匀试验设计和逐步回归分析方法,以先玉335为材料,研究了水分、密度和其他栽培因子对玉米产量的影响及其耦合效应。结果表明,各栽培因子对玉米产量影响显著,从多因素分析,其影响顺序为:密度(x2)>底钾(x5)>追氮(x6)>底氮(x3)>补水(x7)>底磷(x4)>追肥/补水生育期(x8)>播期(x1)。在数学模型中,各栽培因子间耦合效应对玉米产量影响都达到了极显著水平,其中密度(x2)与补水(x7)的耦合效应对产量的影响最大。在试验研究范围内,当播期为4月16日,密度为72 047.8株/hm2,底施氮量为135.3kg/hm2,底施磷量为262.0 kg/hm2,底施钾量为295.9 kg/hm2,追施氮量为239.6 kg/hm2,补灌量为1 198.0m3/hm2,追肥/补水生育期在玉米18展叶时,玉米产量达到理论最高值,为16 194.8 kg/hm2。

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of water, planting density and other cultural factors on maize production and their coupling effect by uniform experiment design and stepwise regression method using Xianyu335 as its experi- ment materials. The results indicate： every factor has significant effect on maize yield. By multiple factors analysis, the influence order is： planting density（x2） 〉 base potassium（x5） 〉 nitrogen topdressing（x6） 〉 base nitrogen（x3） 〉 supplementary irrigation（x7） 〉 base phosphorus （x4） 〉 growth stages of supplementary fertilizer and irrigation （x5） 〉 sowing date （x1）.In interaction items, the coupling effect between cultural factors on maize yield reach the very significant level, and the coupling effect between planting density （x2）and supplementary irrigation （x7）is the biggest on maize yield. In this experiment, the result is that when the best scheme is： the sowing date 16 th April; the planting density 72 047.8 strain/hm2; the base nitrogen 135.3 kg/hm2; the base phos- phorus 262.0 kg/hm2; the base potassium 295.9 kg/hm2; the nitrogen topdressing 239.6 kg/hm2; the supplementary irrigation 1 198.0 m3/hm2; the growth stages of supplementary fertilizer and irrigation the eighteen leaf expansion of maize; the maize yield achieves the highest theoretical value 16 194.8 kg/hm2.