批判与实践的双重维度——试论现代性历程中人文知识分子立场的逻辑转换

Dual Dimensions of Criticism and Practice: A Tentative Study of Logic Conversion of Positions of Intellectuals of Humanities

人文知识分子作为现代性过程中的产物存在着身份认知的危机,他们的批判性身份想象是从近代延伸到现代一个座架性的假设。实质上,知识分子的批判性并不完全是他们合法性存在的依据,相反是社会权力的需要决定了他们进入社会和被社会接受状况,其存在的合法性依据就在于对政治治理性的重要作用,存在的空间就是处于联系私人领域和国家权威领域的中间地带——公共领域。但另一方面,进入公共领域的知识分子又如何可以独立地批判呢?目前,人文知识分子面临着身份的困扰,站在了知识分子的批判性/实践性双重维度的身份想象互相缠绕的路口。

The intellectuals of humanities, as products from modernity process, are faced with the crisis of identity recognition. Their imagined critical identity is a hypothesis which extended from the modern to the contemporary. Actually, the critical attitude of the intellectuals is not all the basis for their legal existence. On the contrary, it is the demand of the social power that decides their entrance into society and the situations that they are accepted by society. The valid cause for their existence is their important roles for political administration. Their existential space is the public sphere, the intermediate region connecting the private sphere and the nationally authoritative sphere. On the other hand, how can the intellectuals having entered the public sphere remain independently critical? At present, the intellectuals are faced with the puzzlement of identity, because they are at the crossroad, where the dual dimensions of imaginary identity being critical and practical are entangled.