论无害错误规则的具体适用标准

The Concrete Apply Standard of Harmless Error Rule

无害错误规则是美国重要的程序法制度。其具体适用标准按宪法性错误和制定法错误划分可归纳为根本缺陷性错误标准、审理过程宪法性错误标准、排除证据标准、陪审团裁判标准、实质影响标准、证据绝对优势性标准和污染失效标准七种。为更明确阐述这七种具体适用标准,还从模糊数学角度对它们进行了厘定。

Harmless Error Rule is important procedure legislation in America. By constitutional error and statutory error, its concrete apply standards can summarize seven kinds： vital error standard, process constitutional error standard, exclude evidence standard, jury judge standard, inner influence standard, almighty prevail evidence standard and pollution invalidity standard. In order to more specify seven kinds concrete apply standards, also analyze them by faint mathematics view.