语篇体裁概念之理论溯源

Towards an Understanding of the Notion of Genre

在当代语言学的研究领域里,语篇体裁的概念是一个颇多争议的问题。马林诺夫斯基的语言人类学、言语行为理论和巴赫金的言语体裁等理论都对当代语篇体裁的定义和理解产生了深远的影响。语篇体裁是一种有目的的社会文化交际事件,处于一种动态的发展过程,随社会文化环境的变迁而发展变化。因而,语篇体裁的结构形式有无限发展的可能性,特定文化中语篇体裁的种类也是无限的,构成开放的集合。不同体裁之间的界限具有一定的模糊性和连续性。无数个处于连续体的语篇体裁的总和构成了一种语言固有的文化。

The notion of genre in contemporary linguistics has given rise to numerous controversies. Different theories, such as Malinowski＇ s linguistic anthropology, speech act theory, and Bakhtin＇s speech genre theory, have greatly influenced its definition and understanding. It is generally agreed that genre is a purposeful, social and cultural communicative event, and is in a constant process of development. It varies with the changes of social and cultural environment. Therefore, the structure of genre is subject to constant development, resulting in an open set of indefinite genre types. The boundaries are fuzzy and continuous between different genres, which together contribute to the formation of the culture in which a language is deeply rooted.