“今本”《竹书纪年》与中国上古年代研究--《〈竹书纪年〉解谜》概观

The Riddle of the Bamboo Annals:A Synopsis

《〈竹书纪年〉解谜》一书讨论了"今本"《竹书纪年》对研究中国上古年代的重要性,认为任何恢复准确年代的企图都必须从分析"今本"《竹书纪年》开始——而此却被夏商周断代工程完全忽略了。书中以"今本"《纪年》为基础,结合古代天文和历法的研究成果,提出《纪年》记载的在位年数通常是从完成对先君的服丧期之后算起的假设,确定克商的具体时间为公元前1040年4月18日,并提供了夏商周三代的具体编年。接着对断代工程做了评论,表明断代工程的方法和结论并不完全可靠。最后,重构了《竹书纪年》原始文本的前303条竹简,讨论分析了商周递嬗之际的年代,并认为"今本"《纪年》是战国时魏人对真实年代篡改的结果。附录提供了更多的资料,对断代工程在确定商代后期事件时间的问题上提出质疑。

The book of the Riddle of the Bamboo Annals discusses the importance of the ＂present version＂ of the Annals for studying the ancient China. It holds that any attempt that aims to recover the exact time must start with analyzing the Upresent version＂, which has, hc＇vever, been entirely ignored. The book, based on the Upresent version＂ of the Annals and in regard to the ancient findings in astronomy and calendar, puts forward that the exact time the Shang Dynasty fell should be April 18,1040 BC, and hence provides the annals of Xia, Shang, and Zhou. It then makes a comment on the program of three generations, indicating that the methodology and conclusion for their identificatoin is not accurate at all. It finally reconstructs the original text out of the preceding 303 bamboo pieces, discusses the year transiting from Shang to Zhou, and concludes that the ＂present version＂ should be a distorted result of the true time by someone in Wei Dynasty. The appendix supplies more materials with doubts over the time of events in the later period of Shang.