寓于丧葬仪礼中的生死观教育——以大凉山彝族的丧葬仪礼为对象

View of Life and Death Education Expressed in the Funeral Ceremony:The Study of Funeral Ceremony in Daliangshan Yi Society of China

人从生命的诞生至生命的终止是要经历一系列的通过仪礼,作为人生最后的通过仪礼——丧葬仪礼——对所有人来说都是不可避免的,其对生者所具有的人间形成的影响可以说波及影响民族性格的形成。通过对大凉山彝族地区的田野调查,特别是其中丧葬仪礼中所涉及的三魂、三大丧葬仪礼、《指路经》中《送灵经》、《招魂经》和祖界兹兹普乌的考察,从中分析大凉山彝族丧葬仪礼所表现的豁达的生死观。这种站在生的反面立场死,来强调生的意义、对生者进行历史教育和生存教育的独特方式,反映了大凉山彝族丧葬仪礼对生者的人间形成,从而肯定生与死教育的必要性。

A person must experience a series of rites of passage from the cradle to the grave. The funeral ceremony, as the last rite of passage during one＇s life, is inevitable to everyone. It has the humanbuilding function on the living, and in some senses influences the formation of the national character. This article analyzes the optimistic view of life and death expressed in the funeral ceremony of the Yi Society of China on the basis of the fieldwork in the area of the Daliangshan Yi of China, especially by exploring the three souls, the three funeral ceremonies, the ＂Sutra of Sending the Spirit＂ and the ＂Sutra of Recalling the Soul＂ in the ＂Zhilu-jing＂ and the land of ancestors Zizipuwu. This unique way of providing historical education and life education for the living by emphasizing the meaning of life in its opposite standpoint of death reflects the funeral ceremony＇s human-building function on the living in Daliangshan Yi Society of China, and thus affirms the necessity of the education of life and death.