平朔露天煤矿土地复垦与生态重建技术研究

Study on Technology of Land Reclamation and Ecological Rehabilitation of Waste Land in Pingshuo Surface Mine

中国是煤炭资源开采大国,因采煤特别是露天开采造成的土地资源破坏、生态环境退化已成为制约中国经济可持续发展的重大战略问题。研究并构建适合中国国情的露天采煤土地复垦与生态重建技术体系,对探索适合中国矿区土地复垦与生态重建的基础理论,实现煤炭绿色开采和可持续发展意义重大。通过应用露天采矿、土壤学、生态学、植物学、地质学、地理学、农学、水土保持等多学科专业知识和技术方法,对平朔露天煤矿土地复垦与生态重建进行20余年的系统研究,初步形成适合黄土高原类似矿区土地复垦与生态重建的相关技术体系,包括矿区生态系统受损分析、生态重建障碍因子分析、人工生态系统重建规划与设计、土地重塑工艺、土壤重构工艺和植被重建工艺,并提出平朔矿区重建人工生态系统将引伸今后研究的技术要点。

China is a big nation in the exploitation of coal resources. The destruction of resources and the degradation of the ecological environment, as a result of open-pit coal mining in particular, become important issues and constrain economic sustainable developments in China. It is important to build atechnology system for land reclamation and for ecological reconstruction in the opencast mine area, under some basic principles of land reclamation and ecological reconstruction suitable for the mining situation in China, to achieve green mining and sustainable development in mine area. With due consideration of open-pit mining, soil science, ecology, botany, geology, geography, agronomy, soil and water conservation and other multi-disciplinary knowledge and technology, a systematic research of more than 20 years on Pingshuo opencast mine has built a relevant technical system for land reclamation and ecological reconstruction of mining areas in the Loess Plateau, including damage analysis of mining ecosystem; analysis factor of barriers about ecological reconstruction; planning and design of artificial ecological system reconstruction; land remodeling; soil-body construction and vegetation reconstruction. Also, the directions for further researches are suggested to follow the reconstruction of artificial ecological system in Pingshuo opencast mine.