优秀男子公路自行车运动员专项体能特征研究

Study on Characteristics of Specific Physical Fitness of Elite Male Road Cyclists

为了探讨男子公路自行车运动员专项体能特征,对12名我国男子优秀公路自行车运动员进行专项体能测试。采用递增负荷进行V.O2max和通气无氧阈测试,运用wingate方案进行无氧能力测试,采用等速力量测试仪对运动员膝关节力量进行测试。研究结果:我国优秀公路自行车运动员V.O2max为4.97±0.60L.min-1,通气无氧阈为3.92L.min-1,相当于V.O2max的78.88%;平均无氧功率为820.17±113.22W,无氧功峰值功率为1209.75±280.8W。膝关节肌群力量与无氧能力之间呈显著相关关系(r=0.577～0.844,P<0.05或P<0.01),膝关节向心60°/s伸肌峰值力矩与V.O2max呈高度显著相关(r=0.633,P<0.05)。

The aim of this study was to discuss the specific physical fitness of cyclists.Twelve elite male road racing cyclists from national team were recruited for the study.Methods：Baseline testing included an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer for the determination of maximal oxygen uptake（O2max） and the ventilation threshold（VT） ,an Wingate Anaerobic Test（WAnT） for the maximum capacity,an isokinetic testing for the determination of isokinetic strength of knee（ISK） in different angle velocity.Results：Maximal oxygen uptake was 4. 97±0. 60 L· min^-1, ventilation threshold was 3. 92 L· min^-1 which was 78. 88% VO2 max,mean power of WAnT was 820. 17±113.22W and peak power was 1 209. 75± 280.8 W. The correlation between the ISK and WAnT was highly significant （ r = 0. 577 ±0. 844,P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）, and the correlation between the peak torque of knee extension at 60 °/ s and VO2 max was highly significant （ r = 0.633, P〈 0.05 ）.