论社会科学方法论的内在冲突及其消弭

On Internal Conflict of Methodology of Social Science and Its Elimination

社会科学方法论内在冲突(即理解方法论和实证方法论、方法论个人主义和方法论整体主义之间的冲突)产生的根源是片面的社会哲学,即"社会独特论"和"社会类似论"、社会唯名论和社会唯实论。韦伯、温奇、吉登斯为消弭这一冲突做了有益的尝试,但最终未能成功。社会科学方法论内在冲突消弭的有效途径就是以全面而完备的唯物史观为指导,在具体的社会实践基础上,将理解方法论和实证方法论、方法论个人主义和方法论整体主义融合起来。

The germ of the internal conflict of methodology of social science, which is the conflict between Methodology of understanding and Methodology of positiveness, between Methodological individualism and Methodological wholism, is the unilateral social philosophy, namely, ＂Theory of peculiarity＂ and ＂Theory of social similarity＂, Social Nominalism and Social Realism. Weber, Winch, Giddens made a useful attempt to put an end to the conflict, hut eventually failed. The effective avenue to the elimination of the internal conflict of methodology of social science is to take the viewpoint of social history of all-sided and self-contained Historical Materialism as a guidance and syncretize Methodology of understanding and both Methodology of positiveness, both Methodological individualism and both Methodological wholism basing on the concrete social practice.