19世纪中期:军事技术系统时代的开端

The Middle of the 19^(th) Century:the Coming of A Systematic Era of Military Technology

19世纪中期在军事技术史上的重要性不但表现在西方学者的诸多论述中,更体现在此间技术本身的进展上。火器、铁路与电报技术深刻地影响着战争,军事技术史自此进入系统时代:军事技术一方面在发展与应用中体现出高度的统一性;另一方面与科学、工业、政治等因素形成了明显的相互促进机制。本文从系统论的角度探讨军事技术系统时代为何只出现在西方,分析技术背后中西方社会的结构性差异,对这一军事维度的李约瑟式问题进行解答。

The importance of the middle the 19th century in the history of military technology was not only stressed by many Western scholars, but also be revealed in the development of technology itself. Firearm, railway and telegraph so deeply influenced the war that they brought a new systematic era to military technology history. Since then, Technology have reflected a high degree of uniformity in the development and ap plication on the one hand, and it have formed an obvious mutuaL-- promoting mechanism with science, industry and politics. The Needham Problem of military dimension, i. e. why the systematic era only happened in west would be discussed based on systematic theory and the structural diversity between Chinese and Western society would he explored.