日粮纤维源及添加水平对北方白鹅生产性能及消化道发育的影响

Effects of source and addition level of fiber on production performance and alimentary canal development in North White geese

选取3周龄健康、体重均一的北方白鹅雏鹅360只，采用3因素3水平有对照的试验设计，随机分成10组，每组36只。对照组（D）饲喂基础日粮，试验组即3个不同纤维源组玉米秸青贮组（A）、玉米秸微贮组（B）、玉米秸干贮组（C），每个纤维源组分别设3个水平，4—7周龄饲喂粗纤维比例为4％（Ⅰ）、7％（Ⅱ）、10％（Ⅲ）的日粮，进行28d的饲养试验，并在7周龄时进行屠宰试验。饲养试验结果表明：不同纤维比例的日粮对北方白鹅的生产性能有显著的影响，CⅡ组体重显著高于其他组（P〈0．05），高纤维Ⅲ组体重最低，料重比最高。屠宰试验表明：不同纤维比例日粮对北方白鹅的肌胃重和十二指肠长度有显著的影响，纤维素组与对照组间差异显著（P〈0．05），但其他指标差异不显著（P〉0．05）。不同日粮显著影响十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高、肠壁厚度，对照组绒毛高度和肠壁厚与纤维素组间达到差异显著水平（P〈0．05），而隐窝深度差异不显著（P〉0．05）。4～7周龄7％粗纤维比例日粮有利于北方白鹅的生产性能的发挥。

Three hundred and sixty North White geese of 3 week-old uniform were used as experimental animals, which were allocated at random to 10 groups of thirty-six each by three factors, three levels and control trial design. The control group （D） was fed basic diets and the experimental groups fed corn straw silage group （ A）, microbial treatment group （ B）, desiccate group （C） which were divided into three levels of each fiber source. During the experiment of 4 -7 week-old, CF proportion of diet were 4% （ Ⅰ ）, 7% （ Ⅱ ） and 10% （ Ⅲ ）, separately. The time of breeding experiment was 49 days and the trial of slaughter was at the age of 7 weeks. The results indicated that the diets of different fiber proportion affected significantly the production performance of North White goose, body weight of C Ⅱ group was significantly higher than other groups, and the body weight of high fiber Ⅲ group was the lower and feed/meat was the highest. The trial of slaughter indicated that effects of different fiber proportion diets on gizzard weight and duodenum length which the fiber groups were significant different compared with the control group （P〈0. 05）, but others were no significant difference （P〉0. 05）. Different diets affected significantly villus height, bowel parietes thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The villus height and bowels parietes thickness of control group were significantly different compared with fiber groups （P〈0.05）, but depth of crypt of different groups was no significant difference （ P〉 0. 05）. A 7% CF proportion of diets is good for production performance in North White goose at the age of 4 -7 weeks.