“悲剧哲学”的世界观——舍斯托夫哲学的生存论解读

The World Outlook of"Tragedy Philosophy"——An Existential Interpretation of Shestov's Philosophy

在舍斯托夫看来,"悲剧哲学"不是此世的认识论,不是日常的哲学,而是一种超越的形而上学。"悲剧哲学"有一套与理性主义-实证主义迥然不同的关于现实-真实-真理的观念和价值。这种观念和价值是在人的"临界境遇"中揭示出来的。人在悲剧体验中对普遍性和必然性的反抗,才是生命的真实,在反抗中走向最高存在物的努力,才是对真理的探求。而理性主义哲学和伦理学所倡导的对必然性的快乐服从,则是谎言和说教。

In Shestov＇s opinion,＂tragedy philosophy＂ is not worldly epistemology or daily philosophy, but transcendental metaphysics that holds a series of reality-actuality-truth notions and values, which are sharply different from rational-positivism. In their ＂critical situation＂, people encounter these notions and values, finding that the actuality of life is the confrontation between people with tragic experience and universality as well as necessity; the entrance into the highest being through this kind of confrontation is actually the pursuing for truth; rational philosophy and ethics, however, are merely lies and preach.