肝脏中糖代谢关键酶作为糖尿病药物靶点的研究进展

Hepatic key enzymes of glucose metabolism and drug targets for diabetes mellitus

葡萄糖激酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶、果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶和糖原磷酸化酶是肝脏中糖代谢的关键酶。糖尿病的一个特征就是葡萄糖激酶活性下降和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶、果糖-1，6-二磷酸酶和糖原磷酸化酶活性的升高。最近的研究都致力于通过激活或抑制这几种酶来降低血糖并使胰岛素正常分泌。因此这5种酶将有可能是治疗糖尿病的全新靶点。

Glucokinase （ GK）, glucose-6-phosphatase （G-6-Pase） , phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase （PEPCK） , fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase （FBPase） and glycogen phosphorylase （GR） are key enzymes of glucose metabolism in liver. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the decreased activity of GK and elevated activity of G-6-Pase, PEPCK, FBPase and GR. A promising area of current research involves the use of activator or inhibitor of these enzymes to lower blood glucose and normalize insulin secretion. Therefore, these five key enzymes are expected to be the novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.