亚急性甲状腺炎

Subacute thyroiditis

亚急性甲状腺炎是以短暂疼痛的破坏性甲状腺组织损伤伴全身炎性反应为特征，是最常见的甲状腺疼痛疾病。放射性痛和转移性痛为其特征。甲状腺毒症阶段甲状腺激素升高和甲状腺摄碘率降低的舣向分离现象是其重要特点。亚急性甲状腺炎在诊断困难时可依靠甲状腺针吸细胞学检查明确诊断：在甲状腺毒症阶段为对症治疗，甲状腺功能减退阶段视病情需要短期、小剂量补充甲状腺激素，而永久性甲状腺功能减退需终身替代治疗。甲状腺功能恢复正常后需继续随访.

Subacute thyroiditis （SAT） is the most common cause of thyroid pain. Symptoms and signs of SAT include a prodrome of intection, followed by the neck pain that often radiates up to the ear. As the disease progresses there may be a ＂ march＂ of tenderness across the gland. High levels of thyroid hormone with a low radioactive iodine uptake （RAIU） are the characteristic of SAT. Fine-needle aspiration cytology （FNAC） may be used when diagnosis is difficult to make. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis in SAT are treated with beta blockers. A low dose of levothvroxine therapy could be used in temporary hypothyroid phase. When hypothyroidism persists,a long-term levothyroxine therapy should be administered. Patients with SAT should be carefully follow-up.