论元与谓词的语义关系

The Relation Between Predicates and Their Arguments

逻辑语义学不要求论元跟谓词有直接的语义关系,生成语法学也不要求外部论元跟谓词有直接的语义关系。目前,一般认为外部论元由功能语类选择,也有学者认为附加论元也由功能语类选择,本文根据Chom sky的光杆短语结构理论与合并决定论元结构的假设认为所有论元都由扩展谓词的功能语类选择,被选择的论元是谓词所指示事件的参与者,跟谓词的关系可亲可疏。

Logical semantics doesn＇t require a direct semantic relation between arguments and their predicates. GB theory in the generative grammar also doesn＇t require a direct semantic relation between external arguments and their predicates. It＇s generally believed that external arguments are introduced by the functional categories. Some scholars even argue that additional arguments are also introduced by the functional categories. Based on the bare phrase structure theory and the assumption that merge determines the argument structure proposed by Chomsky, this paper proposes that all the arguments are introduced by the functional categories extending the lexical predicate. The selected arguments are participants in the events indicated by the predicates and their relations can be direct or indirect.