十二伊玛目支派初期的政治思想研究

Studies on Early Political Thoughts of Twelver Shi‘ism

强调先知家族在先知继承人问题上的重要意义、伊玛目是安拉前定的原则、伊玛目资格的指定原则和知识原则、伊玛目的宗教领袖和精神领袖地位以及不参与现实政治事务的思想是什叶派十二伊玛目支派初期政治思想的主要内涵。该思想的形成与发展与该派形成初期面临的社会历史条件密切相关。

The preliminary political thought is embodied in the doctrine of the Imamate elaborated by the sixth Imam Ja＇far as-Sadiq. The Imam must be a descendant of the Prophet through ＇All and Fatima, who deriving his exclusive authority by the explicit designation by the previous Imam, and inheriting the special knowledge of religion coming down in the family from generation to generation. Thus the function of the Imam is chiefly the religious leadership and the spiritual guidance of the community, not the temporal power. This theory comes mainly from the need for twelver Shi＇ism to meet the challenges via religious means to its legitimacy as the successor of the Prophet, or the leadership of Muslim community from within Shi＇ism or Sunnism, in particular the ＇Abbasids.